Complete physical security audit and checklist for offices

What is a physical security risk assessment?

A physical security assessment, also called a security audit, is a systematic evaluation of a facility and its security measures, with the goal of identifying potential vulnerabilities and areas for improvement.

This can involve a review of security policies and procedures, an inspection of the physical premises, load-testing any business security systems and interviews with employees. The physical security risk assessment should focus on the protection of people, assets and information, and should consider potential threats such as burglaries, natural disasters and internal theft.

The purpose of an office security audit is to ensure that a facility is adequately protected against potential threats and that security measures are effective and appropriate. A good office security audit will also ensure all security equipment in place is properly running in case of a breach or emergency. You don’t want to wait for an incident to happen before knowing that some of your protocols and devices in place are not working.

How often do I need to conduct a physical security risk assessment?

A typical business should perform a thorough physical security audit at least once per year. By regularly conducting assessments, facilities can identify any gaps in their security measures and take steps to address and improve them. This can help reduce the risk of security breaches and maintain a safe and secure environment for employees and assets.

When performing a security audit, teams must follow a comprehensive physical building security checklist to help ensure all critical elements are addressed. While office physical security audits must be performed at least annually, larger organizations with greater numbers of employees and assets will benefit from biannual or even more frequent office security audits.

How to conduct a physical security audit and assessment

While the specific practices and processes involved in an effective physical security audit will vary from business to business, some key steps apply to all organizations. 

The steps below cover seven essential elements that leaders must build on to perform a thorough security audit:

1. Appoint security audit team members

To perform an effective physical security audit, multiple distinct systems and processes must be carefully inspected individually and in relation to each other. Leaders must gather internal personnel across the organization who understand how critical infrastructure works, covering key departments such as business security, facility management, human resources and IT.

Leaders and managers should approach heads of each department to request their support in planning and performing the office security audit. Meetings should be held to assign roles, discuss responsibilities and set a final date for the audit.

2. Review policies and define objectives

Existing facility management and security policies will be reviewed to help physical security auditing teams plan required tests. This step must include assessing physical access control system measures, security patrols, data storage policies and incident response protocols to help audit team members understand how office security processes are currently performed.

With a clear understanding of existing security measures, the office security audit team will define the project’s scope and objectives. Leaders will identify which measures and systems to test against which risks and threats, as well as define the overarching purpose of the audit.

The main purpose of an office security audit may be:

• To improve employee safety
• To prevent internal or external theft
• To meet regulatory compliance

A well-defined purpose will help the office security audit uncover actionable ways to improve building security, for example, improving access control systems to deter tailgating incidents.

3. Perform a building security risk assessment

Alongside managing general security risks like unauthorized access and theft, office security auditing teams must consider unique industry-specific threats. Performing a risk assessment will help teams view the site through the lens of security to help spot vulnerabilities that can easily be missed.

An effective office security risk assessment will include inspections of business equipment, storage spaces, digital storage systems and building infrastructure, as well as investigations into organizational practices and safety policies to help identify and tackle potential hazards.

4. Inspect the physical premises

The first practical step of an effective office security audit is to inspect the physical structures and spaces that require securing. Inspections should focus on identifying strengths and weaknesses in existing infrastructure to help leaders make impactful improvements.

Key areas of interest to focus on include:

• Visibility: Identify blind spots and under-observed areas that may introduce risks.
• Lighting: Ensure indoor and outdoor areas are well-lit using reliable lighting systems.
• Access: Secure all access points, including doors, windows and gates, with appropriate locks.
• Equipment: Confirm that safety equipment, like smoke alarms and fire extinguishers, is functional.
• Maintenance: Inspect electrical and HVAC systems for any signs of damage or wear.

5. Conduct security system tests

Office security technologies like access control, alarm and video security systems are critical as they provide security teams a comprehensive view of potential threats 24/7. All security systems must be thoroughly tested to ensure they’re working properly and provide the required coverage.

Key areas of interest include:

• Access control systems: Verify that all sensitive areas are secured behind traceable credentials. Confirm that access readers are functional and that all security alerts are working correctly.
• Security cameras: Ensure cameras are installed in key locations to provide good coverage. Video feeds should be easily accessible for viewing as required.
• Sensors and alarms: Test sensors and alarm systems against common threats, such as break-ins, vandalism and active harmer events, to ensure they operate optimally.

6. Document findings and collect feedback

Once the physical security auditing team has completed all site inspections and security system tests, they should reconvene with business leaders to compile findings into a final report that outlines the strengths and weaknesses of existing security infrastructure.

During this process, employee interviews should be conducted to gather additional insights into potential security issues and gauge requirements for staff training. Leaders may use this process to see how susceptible staff are to common risks like tailgating and credential theft.

7. Plan office security improvements

Following the final security audit, business and security leaders will plan actionable improvements to key security systems, policies and procedures.

Teams will find practical solutions to vulnerabilities and explore opportunities to make improvements, such as adjusting organizational policies and working with external office security integration specialists. Additionally, leadership will coordinate updated staff training and organize the next building security risk assessment.

8. Use a physical security risk assessment template

Even for smaller organizations, office security audits are complex operations that require teams to thoroughly inspect and test multiple systems. As the slightest miscommunication or oversight could expose new vulnerabilities, a structured approach is vital.

Standardized physical security risk assessment templates help ensure all major elements of an audit are covered. Teams can use these documents as a checklist while performing tests and marking off tasks upon completion to ensure no critical elements are overlooked.

Physical security checklists for offices and commercial buildings

While a comprehensive physical security risk assessment should be carried out by a professional, there’s still some value in conducting your own as part of a proactive security strategy. Follow the building safety checklist below to evaluate how ready your facility is against a potential threat.

Office security checklist

Do you have a policy for office security in place? To conduct a security assessment checklist, start with the measures and protocols that are in place to protect people, assets, and information from potential threats.

If you don’t have a written policy, now’s a great time to outline all your security measures. Even if your office does have a procedure code, it is important to regularly review and update policies regularly. As part of a physical security assessment, this is necessary to ensure they are effective and appropriate for the ever-changing threat landscape.

The goal of reviewing policies for your office security checklist is to identify any gaps or inconsistencies in security practices and provide recommendations for improvement. To evaluate if your current policies and procedures are working, use this office security checklist:

• What is the scope of your security review? This could be the entire organization, a specific department or business unit, or a particular process or system.
• Do you have any existing internal office security policies or procedures?
• Are there any relevant regulatory standards or industry procedures your organization should follow?
• Is each policy still relevant and up to date? Consider changes in the organization or security technology. Consider any threats that may have occurred since the policy was last reviewed.
• Are there any gaps or inconsistencies in your current policies? For example, do different policies conflict with each other, or do some policies not provide enough guidance on how to handle certain situations?
• Are there any controls or requirements missing from your office security checklist that need to be reviewed or tested to ensure compliance?
• Do you have a way to document the results of regular office building security audits, including any recommendations for improving security?

Inspection checklist for physical premises

After you’ve reviewed and evaluated your current policies and procedures, the next thing on your physical security risk assessment checklist is to inspect your actual facility. This includes checking your physical structures and overall premises to identify anything that can affect the integrity of your physical security.

Maintenance is a commonly overlooked part of an office building security assessment, but having a clean, clutter-free space can actually make a big difference when it comes to security. A premise with debris, garbage or unkempt landscaping may be more of a target for criminals, while unorganized interiors can lead to slower responses during critical moments.

Use this physical building security checklist to check and inspect your facility’s physical premises.

The exterior of the building

• Are entry points, such as doors and windows, secure and in good working order?
• Are there any vulnerabilities, such as unsecured windows or doors, that could be exploited by potential intruders?
• Is all exterior lighting effective and in good working order?
• Do you have visible signage and security cameras, if needed?
• Is the perimeter of the building secured and well-maintained?

The interior of the building

• Are there any dark corners or unsecured areas where you do not have visibility?
• Does the facility layout or office layout plan give security personnel clear lines of sight to key entry points?
• Are there any potential vulnerabilities, such as unsecured areas or weak points in the building’s structure, that could be exploited by potential intruders?
• Are your IT closets and storage areas well-organized?
• Do you have effective visitor management with a way of maintaining visitor logs or records?

Checklist for testing security systems

Most buildings today have security technology installed: video surveillance cameras, access control, alarms and building management systems. However, just because they were tested when installed does not mean they’re still working like they should.

That’s why it’s vital to regularly test your security technology during a physical building security risk assessment. The rise in security convergence with interconnected systems makes it essential to test both your cybersecurity and physical security technology during a risk assessment. This can include running reports to ensure no vulnerabilities have been missed, but should also involve load-testing your systems with simulated break-ins or security drills.

Here are a few key questions for your office security checklist:

Access control

• How are permissions granted and managed?
• How are key card entry systems or tokens issued and managed?
• How are access logs and reports generated, and how often are they reviewed?
• How is the access control system integrated with other security controls (e.g. intrusion detection, firewalls and data encryption)?
• Are there any vulnerabilities or weaknesses in the business access control system that could compromise security?
• Are there any incidents or breaches of access control security that have occurred in the past, and have you addressed those vulnerabilities?
• How reliable are your door card readers and locks?

Video security

• Are your security cameras all online and working properly?
• Do all cameras give a clear, high-definition image, even in varying lighting conditions?
• Are any high-risk areas fitted with security cameras?
• How is camera footage monitored? If you do not have 24/7 monitoring, do you have alerts set up in your video management software for any suspicious activity?
• How is your video data storage secured?
• Do you have enough video data storage to meet industry standards for auditing?

Interviewing employees for physical security risk assessments

Your security policies are only effective if your employees are following all the procedures and best practices. That’s why interviewing employees should be a part of your security audit checklist. Talking to staff can provide valuable insights into how well security knowledge and practices are being communicated in your organization. With this, you can determine whether employees are aware of and trained on security protocols and whether they follow them in their daily work.

In addition, interviewing employees during a building safety checklist audit can help identify potential vulnerabilities in the security of a facility. Unfortunately, not everything can be detected during a physical security risk assessment of your premises and systems. For instance, your employees may have some security concerns that can turn into something serious if not addressed properly.

Interviewing employees can also help ensure they are aware of and prepared for potential risks and threats to the facility. By engaging with employees and providing them with information on security measures and protocols, you can help them feel more confident and prepared in the event of a security incident. This can help foster a culture of security at your facility and improve the overall safety and morale of the workplace.

Here are some sample questions for a physical security audit checklist:

• Are employees aware of your company’s security policy?
• What are the procedures for reporting security incidents or breaches?
• How can employees identify and avoid phishing attacks and other types of social engineering?
• What are the measures in place to protect the company’s data and systems?
• What are the rules for accessing sensitive data and systems?
• Are employees aware of the potential risks and threats to the facility, and do they know how to respond in an emergency?

When you include your employees in your physical security risk assessment checklist, they can feel heard, valued and protected. This can help create a sense of security in your workplace while strengthening the current measures you have in place.

Office building safety checklist for natural disasters

Do you know that natural disasters in the United States caused more than $280 billion in overall losses in 2021 alone? Although this number includes both private and commercial facilities, it’s still a wake-up call for businesses that think they are immune to the lasting damages of natural disasters, which often stop operations for long periods of time.

While you can’t prevent these disasters from happening, you can have protocols and measures in place to mitigate the damages you might incur from them. Below is a safety checklist you can use to mitigate damages from natural disasters: 

• Identify potential natural disasters prone to your area that could affect the facility, such as earthquakes, hurricanes or flooding.
• Develop a plan for responding to each type of disaster, including emergency evacuation procedures, emergency communications protocols and emergency supplies.
• Communicate the plan to all employees and conduct regular training and drills to ensure that everyone knows what to do in the event of a disaster.
• Install protective measures, such as reinforced walls, shutters or flood barriers, to reduce the risk of damage from natural disasters.
• Develop backup systems and emergency power sources to ensure that critical systems and equipment can continue to function in the event of a disaster.
• Create emergency supply kits and stockpiles to ensure that essential supplies, such as water, food and medical supplies, are available in the event of a disaster.
• Monitor weather conditions and warnings, and stay informed about potential natural disasters.
• Use weather monitoring and warning systems, such as sirens or alerts, to quickly and effectively communicate potential threats to employees and other occupants of the facility.

Cybersecurity checklist for workplaces

Cyber-attacks are a significant concern for businesses of all sizes. Attacks targeting the U.S. rose by 136% in the first quarter of 2025 and the average cost of a data breach reached $4.88 million in 2024.

Malicious actors can gain access to sensitive systems in various ways, from unsecured physical devices to social engineering attacks targeting trusted employees. 

The actionable cybersecurity audit checklist below can help leaders raise awareness of these threats and mitigate their impact:

• Access control and passwords: Implement strict access control and password policies to secure sensitive systems. Policies should prevent unauthorized access and automatically log out inactive users.
• Zero-trust policy: Operate a zero-trust policy for all digital systems. This requires employees to present verifiable credentials at regular intervals to access business systems.
• Device and application security: Establish clear policies to prevent staff from taking equipment home. Restrict the use of non-work-related apps on business devices and the use of business systems on personal devices.
• Network monitoring: Use cybersecurity solutions like firewalls and endpoint protection to monitor network traffic and automatically respond to suspicious activity.
• Data encryption: Ensure all communications between digital systems are secured with end-to-end encryption, especially data sent between physical and digital security systems.
• Staff training: Invest in regular, mandatory cybersecurity awareness training for staff and over best practices for avoiding phishing attacks, such as spotting and reporting suspicious emails.
• Disaster recovery: Develop protection, recovery and backup systems to mitigate the impact of cyber-attacks. This includes creating disaster recovery plans and using physical data backup hardware.
• System updates: Regularly update all digital systems to defend against new cyber-risks. Pay special attention to software linked to security devices like access readers and cameras.

Is your workplace prepared for building security threats?

By systematically evaluating the security measures and policies in place, an office security checklist is vital in identifying potential vulnerabilities and threats. As a physical security risk assessment tool, a good security audit checklist can help facilities mitigate potential threats and maintain a safe and secure environment for employees and assets.

With the office building security assessment and guidelines outlined in this guide, businesses can conduct effective preliminary physical security audits, and gain crucial insights into what to look for when working with professional building security auditors. This can provide peace of mind and ensure that a facility is adequately protected against potential threats, even as the security landscape continues to evolve.